Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

R. S. Shiva Prasad ¹, A. Balasubramanian ², B. Suresh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Discharge of industrial wastewater to surface or groundwater pollutes the environment. Therefore, treatment of any kind of wastewater before letting it off as effluent is always necessary to prevent contamination of natural systems, especially water. In this regard choosing an effective treatment system assumes importance. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system has proven to offer substantial benefits to alternative conventional flow systems for the biological treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. Operationally, SBR is extremely flexible in its ability to meet many different treatment objectives, while physically it is very simple. Sequencing batch (fill-and-draw) biological reactors can be operated to provide equalization, treatment, and sedimentation in the same set of reactors. The wastewaters can be held in the treatment systems until the desired effluent quality is achieved. The above results were obtained through the experiments carried out in a pharmaceutical industry. The effluents generated by the industry are pretreated and taken to evaporation system. The effluent condensate generated, containing organic load is taken to sequencing batch reactor for further treatment. The results are very encouraging and cost effective. This paper describes the SBR physical system and explains approaches to develop the design needed to meet different treatment objectives.

Keywords

Wastewater Treatment, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Activated Sludge Process, Diffused Aeration System, F/M Ratio.

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Mahesha ¹, A. Balasubramanian ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, IN
2 Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry-605 014, IN

Abstract

The Dalvoy lake of Mysore is fed mostly by storm water drainage from a major part of the city. It is exposed to the influence of heavy urbanization and industrialization. The lake water is primarily used for agricultural practices seen over the southeastern side of the lake at downstream end. Due to several reasons, the water quality is deteriorating. In order to evaluate the potability and assessment of water quality for different purposes, all important physicochemical and biological parameters were detected by collecting samples from the surface and also from depths ranging from 4 to 12 feet. The water analysis data were processed to determine the water quality index by NSF method. For each of WQI a descriptive quality indicator has been derived as very poor (0-38), poor (39-71), good (72-83), very good (84-89) and excellent (90-100) categories. Surface water quality, mainly used for drinking water abstraction, has been represented on the lake network map. In this paper the water quality indicators were calculated for all locations and also classified with reference to seasons. It was observed that the WQI of the Dalvoy lake is not good and the main cause of deterioration is due to the lack of proper sanitation, untreated inflow water with municipal sewage and due to uncontrolled anthropogenic activities.

Keywords

Water Quality Index, Water Quality Indicators, Drinking Water, Dalvoy Lake, Mysore City.

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T. Jeyavel Raja Kumar ¹, A. Balasubramanian ², R. S. Kumar ¹, K. Manoharan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, T.N., IN
2 University of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical characterization of 82 groundwaters has been done in Chittar sub basin of Tambaraparani river, Tirunelveli District. In this attempt major cations and anions were analysed and other parameters were calculated. The pH and EC varied from 6.60 to 8.50 and 115 μmhos/cm to 9780 μmhos/cm. The TDS and Total hardness varied from 81mg/L to 6846 mg/L and 40 mg/L to 1818 mg/L. The range of chemical concentration of cations such as Ca, Mg, Na, K and anions like Cl, HCO₃, SO₄, NO₃ varied from 12 mg/L to 533 mg/L, 3 mg/L to 116 mg/L, 9 mg/L to 3255 mg/L, 1.0 to 89.0 mg/L and 9 mg/L to 2904 mg/L, 45 mg/L to 691 mg/L, 2 mg/L to 237 mg/L, 1 mg/L to 16 mg/L respectively. SAR ranges from 0.592 to 22.82 and the RSC varied from 32.46 to 5.48. The results show that certain groundwater sample locations exceed the maximum permissible limit but exceeding the desirable limit of WHO standard for drinking. The attempt revealed the present level of element contamination and source of the ionic contribution in the study area.

Keywords

Chittar Sub-Basin, Hydrogeochemistry, Tambaraparani River, Groundwater Pollution, SAR.

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